3.1.3.4 Coastal management
Human intervention in coastal landscapes. Traditional approaches to coastal flood and erosion risk: hard and soft engineering. Sustainable approaches to coastal flood risk and coastal erosion management: shoreline management/integrated coastal zone management.

Learning outcomes
This lesson will help students to understand:

• Why different approaches to coastal management are needed.
• The costs and benefits of traditional approaches.
• How sustainable integrated approaches to coastal management can be used to protect coastal communities.
• The difference between shoreline management plans and integrated coastal zone management.
• The different values and attitudes towards coastal management.

Suggested timing
2 to 3 hours

3.1.3.3 Coastal landscape development

• This content must include study of a variety of landscapes from beyond the United Kingdom (UK) but may also include UK examples.
• Eustatic, isostatic and tectonic sea level change: major changes in sea level in the last 10,000 years.
• Coastlines of emergence and submergence. Origin and development of associated landforms: raised beaches, marine platforms; rias, fjords, Dalmatian coasts.
• Recent and predicted climatic change and potential impact on coasts.
• The relationship between process, time, landforms and landscapes in coastal settings.

3.1.1 Water and carbon cycles
3.1.1.4 Water, carbon, climate and life on Earth
The key role of the carbon and water stores and cycles in supporting life on Earth with particular reference to climate. The relationship between the water cycle and carbon cycle in the atmosphere. The role of feedbacks within and between cycles and their link to climate change and implications for life on Earth.

3.1.5 Hazards
3.1.5.2 Plate tectonics
Destructive, constructive and conservative plate margins. Characteristic processes: seismicity and vulcanicity. Associated landforms: young fold mountains, rift valleys, ocean ridges, deep sea trenches and island arcs, volcanoes.

Learning outcomes
This lesson will help students to understand:

• The characteristics of coastlines of emergence and the associated landforms.
• The characteristics of coastlines of submergence and the associated landforms.
• How climate change might affect coastlines in the future and alternative futures in landscape development.
• The impact of sea-level rise on coastal communities and the natural environment.

Suggested timing
2 hours

3.1.3.1 Coasts as natural systems
The concepts of landform and landscape and how related landforms combine to form characteristic landscapes.

Learning outcomes
This lesson will help students to understand:

• The importance of coasts in both physical and human environments.
• How coastlines can have many different characteristics that make up the coastal landscape.

Suggested timing
1 hour