3.2.1.5.1 Antarctica as a global common
Critical appraisal of the developing governance of Antarctica. International government
organisations to include United Nations (UN) agencies such as United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the International Whaling Commission. The Antarctic Treaty (1959), the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty (1991); IWC Whaling Moratorium (1982) - their purpose, scope and systems for inspection and enforcement.

The role of NGOs in monitoring threats and enhancing protection of Antarctica.

Learning outcomes
This lesson will help students to understand:

• the Antarctic Treaty, and why it was signed.
• how the Antarctic Treaty System (ATS) operates.
• what the role of NGOs are in the governance of the Antarctic.
• what the main issues and challenges for the governance of Antarctica and the Southern Ocean are.

Suggested timing
2 hours

Learning outcomes
This lesson will help students to understand:

• What is meant by the terms insider and outsider perspectives.
• What might be important factors in shaping insider and outsider perspectives.
• What is meant by social and spatial exclusion.
• What might be the causes of social and spatial exclusion.

Suggested timing
2 hours

Factors contributing to the character of places:

• Endogenous: location, topography, physical geography, land use, built environment and infrastructure, demographic and economic characteristics.
• Exogenous: relationships with other places.

Learning outcomes

• What endogenous factors are. How the physical site, the economic function and the cultural landscape of a place can alter the character of a place.
• What exogenous factors are and how they can alter the character of a place.
• How the shifting flows of people, money, technology and information around the world can affect places.
• Some examples of how globalization has led to de-industrialisation and fundamental change in some places.

Suggested timing
2 hours